Examples for

Chemical Solutions

A solution is one type of homogeneous mixture. Solvation occurs when solution components have similar stabilizing interactions. Two substances are miscible if they can solvate each other at any concentration. The physical and chemical properties of all components change upon dissolution. Wolfram|Alpha has extensive solubility knowledge of various compounds in both polar and nonpolar solvents.

Solution Properties

Explore properties of different solutions, which depend on the solvent, solute and concentration.

Compute properties of a chemical solution:

concentrated acetic acid
5% HCl
0.4 molar potassium hydroxide

Compute a specified property of a solution:

density of 3 molar ethanol
viscosity of 0.5 molar lithium hydroxide
normality of 12 molar phosphoric acid

Compute properties of a quantity of a solution:

100 mL of 1.5 molar K2CO3 in THF
pH Indicators

Find the best indicator for your titration with Wolfram|Alpha.

Find the indicators for a particular pH:

indicators that change color at pH 3
indicators for pH 9
More examples

Solubility

Use the Wolfram Knowledgebase to explore the solubility of different compounds.

Determine miscibility of chemicals:

What solvents are miscible in acetone?
can I dissolve acetone in benzene?
is ethanol soluble in benzene?

Solution Preparation

Work out chemical solution preparation recipes.

Prepare solutions using the dilution formula:

4 dM acetic acid preparation
Prepare 1.25 L of 3 M NaOH from 10 M

Prepare solutions using the definition of molarity:

Prepare 3.4 mM (NH4)2SeO4 solution
preparation of 2 L of 3.4 M fructose

Titration

Explore titrations, where the known concentration of one solution is used to find the unknown concentration of a second solution.

Do titration computations:

strong acid titration
titration of 50 mL of 2M of strong acid with 3M of strong base

Solution Concentration

Compute the solute concentration for various measures of concentration.

Compute the molarity of a solution:

molarity of 2.355 g sulfuric acid in 50.0 mL water

Find the molality of a solution:

molality of 0.385 g cholesterol in 40.0 g chloroform

Determine the mass fraction for a mixture:

mass fraction of 55.507 mmoles glucose in 100.0 g water

Evaluate the amount fraction for a solution:

mole fraction of 32.0 g methyl alcohol in 90.0 g water

Colligative Properties

Investigate solution properties that depend only upon the ratio of solute to solvent particles.

Compute vapor pressure lowering:

Raoult’s law benzene, toluene

Calculate pressure on a membrane:

osmotic pressure equation

Compute the boiling point elevation for a solution:

boiling point elevation i=1, m=0.22molal, Kb=1.22kg K/mol

Find the freezing point depression for a solution:

freezing point depression i=1, m=5.37 mol/kg, Kf=1.86 K kg/mol

Determine the van 't Hoff factor for a solution:

van 't hoff factor alpha=1, n=2

Saltwater

Find out more about saltwater, which is a form of salt solution that makes up the majority of water on Earth.

Get properties of a saltwater solution:

saltwater
saltwater density
conductivity of brackish water

Get data on saline solutions:

half-normal saline
quarter-normal saline

Find the absorption coefficient of seawater:

sound absorption in sea water
what is the absorption coefficient of sound in the atlantic ocean?

GO FURTHER

Step-by-Step Solutions for Chemical Solutions

RELATED EXAMPLES

  • Chemical Ions
  • Chemical Quantities
  • Chemical Reactions
  • Molecular Biology

    • Dilution

    Perform dilution computations and find properties of the resulting solutions.

    Do dilution computations:

    molarity of 1 ml of 5 M HCl in 5 L of water
    dilute 5 ml of 38% (w/v) HCl with 30 ml water
    dilute 30 ml of 3 molar NaOH with 30 ml of water

    Acids & Bases

    Analyze acidic and basic solutions.

    Calculate measures of acidity and basicity:

    pH 9 mM
    pOH=2
    pKa Ka=4.9x10^-10